 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Wu Chinese on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Wu Chinese in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ? ?, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The following tables list the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols used for Wu Chinese (吳語). For simplicity, only one romanization is given. See romanization of Wu Chinese for more variants.
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Notes
edit- ^ a b c d Glosses are displayed over the dotted line. (Instructions: for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary are drawn from 上海话大词典 (2007).[1]
- ^ a b In sinological phonetic notation, [? , ??] are represented as ?? , ??.
- ^ The final consonant [-n] is pronounced as [-?] by some speakers.
- ^ a b c d e f g h The non-syllabic gliding [w] may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic [u], as in [ua, u?, ua?, uɑ?, ue, u?n, u??, u?].
- ^ a b c d The non-syllabic gliding [?] may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic [y], as in [y??, yn, y?].
- ^ a b c d e f g The non-syllabic gliding [j] may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic [i], as in [ia, i?, ia?, i??, io?, io?, i?, i?].
- ^ [j??] is often shortened to be [??]. Also refer to [v].
- ^ [w?] is often merged to [wɑ?] in the post-1966 generation. Also refer to [iv].
- ^ The numeric contours are as given in Qian (1988).[2] An experimental and mathematical description of the contours slightly differed from Qian is given by Zhu (1995, 1999, 2005).[3]